What is ground looping in aviation terms?

Ground looping refers specifically to an uncontrolled swing that can occur in tailwheel aircraft during landing or takeoff. This phenomenon is characterized by the aircraft pivoting around its main wheels, creating a potentially hazardous situation if not managed properly. The primary cause of ground looping is the asymmetrical distribution of lift and the associated yaw movement, which can result from sudden application of brakes, wind gusts, or pilot input.

Tailwheel aircraft are particularly susceptible to ground looping because of their design, which places the center of gravity behind the main landing gear. This configuration increases the aircraft's tendency to swap ends when insufficient control inputs are made. Pilots must be skilled in recognizing the onset of a ground loop and responding quickly, typically by applying appropriate opposite rudder inputs to regain control and stabilize the aircraft during the ground roll.

Understanding this term is critical for pilots operating tailwheel aircraft, as ground looping can lead to accidents if not addressed. It is distinct from other concepts in aviation, such as stalling or excessive yaw, which pertain to different flight scenarios and conditions.