What is the effect of flaps on an aircraft's lift and drag?

Flaps play a crucial role in enhancing an aircraft's aerodynamic performance, primarily during takeoff and landing phases. When deployed, flaps increase the curvature of the wing's airfoil, leading to an increase in lift at lower speeds. This enhanced lift allows the aircraft to maintain controlled flight at slower airspeeds, which is vital during critical phases of flight like landing.

At the same time, the deployment of flaps results in an increase in drag. This is due to the increased surface area and change in airflow around the wing, which creates additional aerodynamic resistance. While the increased drag is a consideration, it is often a necessary trade-off to achieve the higher lift required for safe operation at lower speeds.

Therefore, the correct understanding of flaps is that they are designed to increase lift at lower speeds while simultaneously increasing drag. This characteristic is essential for maintaining flight safety and performance during the slower speed maneuvers of takeoff and landing.